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             TROPOSPHERIC ULTRAVIOLET VISIBLE (TUV) MODEL            
                           (version 5.0)                               
          S. Madronich et al., Atmospheric Chemistry Division         
               National Center for Atmospheric Research              
                  P. O. Box 3000, Boulder, Colorado                   
                          tuv@acd.ucar.edu                             

                       Copyright (C) 1994-2010                       
             University Corporation for Atmospheric Research          

?? 
17
The TUV model calculates solar short-wave radiation in the 
Earth's atmosphere.  Available output includes:
-  Spectral irradiance, W m-2 nm-1
-  Spectral actinic flux, quanta cm-2 s-1 nm-1
-  Spectrally integrated irradiance, unweighted or weighted
     by biological action spectra, W m-2
-  Photolysis rate coefficients, s-1
Type ?xxx (where xxx = variable name) for help on inputs, 
e.g. type ?tmzone to get help on entering time zone.
Inputs and outputs can be saved in different files. 
A log file (tuvlog) is also created.
  Only some simple changes are possible in the interactive 
version. Additional changes (e.g. shapes of vertical profiles 
of ozone, clouds, aerosols; wavelength dependent albedo, etc.) 
can be made by obtaining and editing the Fortran source code. 
The full TUV model is available at:
	http://www.acd.ucar.edu/TUV 
?inpfil
4
CHARACTER*6 inpfil
 Name of input file. Six characters
 Defaults (defin1-3) cannot be over-written.
 User-defined (e.g. usrinp) can be over-written and saved.

?outfil
3
CHARACTER*6 outfil
 Name of output file. Six characters
 For screen output, type:  screen
?nstr
5
INTEGER nstr
 Number of streams for radiative transfer
	if nstr < 2, uses 2-stream delta-Eddington
	if nstr = 2 or > 2, uses n-stream discrete ordinates
	(must be even number, maximum = 32)
?lat
4
REAL lat 
 Latitude (decimal degrees)
    North of Equator = positive
    South of Equator = negative
?lon
4
REAL lon
 Longitude (decimal degrees)
     East of Greenwich = positive
     West of Greenwich = negative
?tmzone
3
REAL tmzone
 Time zone difference (hrs) from universal time (UT or GMT)
 so that:  local time = UT + tmzone
?iyear
2 
INTEGER iyear 
 Year for simulation.  Integer. Must be in range 1950-2050.
?imonth
2
INTEGER imonth 
 Month for simulation (1 = Jan, 2= Feb, etc.)
?iday
3
INTEGER iday
 Day for simulation. Valid values 1-28, and 29,30,31 for 
 appropriate months.
?zstart
3
REAL zstart
 Surface elevation, km, above sea level. Must be a positive 
 value.
?zstop
2
REAL zstop
 Altitude, km, of top of atmosphere.  Must not exceed 120 km.
?nz
4
INTEGER nz
 Number of equally spaced atmospheric levels.  Maximum = 124.
 An additional level will be inserted if zout  does not fall 
 on a level determined by zstart, zstop, and nz.
?wstart
3
REAL wstart
 Starting wavelength, nm = Lower wavelength of the first interval.
 Must be greater than 100 nm. All wavelengths are in vacuum.
?wstop
3
REAL wstop
 Final wavelength, nm = Upper wavelength of the last interval.
 Must be less than 1000 nm. All wavelengths are in vacuum.
?nwint
9
INTEGER nwint
 Number of equally spaced wavelength intervals between wstart and 
 wstop. Maximum = 649.
Some special non-uniform grids are available by specifying the
following negative values:
   -156    Default grid for stratospheric and tropospherc
           photolysis calculations (120-730 nm).
     -7    Non-uniform grid for fast-TUV troposhperic only 
           photolysis calculations (289.9-743.6 nm).
?tstart
3
REAL tstart
 Starting time, or if lzenit = .TRUE., starting solar zenith angle.
 Cannot be less than 0, or (if lzenit = .TRUE.) more than 180.
?tstop
3
REAL tstop
 Final time, or if lzenit = .TRUE., last solar zenith angle.
 Cannot be less than 0, or (if lzenit = .TRUE.) more than 180.
?nt
3
INTEGER nt
 Number of time steps, or if lzenit = .TRUE., number of solar
 zenith angle steps.  Cannot be less than 1.
?lzenit
5
LOGICAL lzenit
 If true, will loop over different solar zenith angles.
 If false, will loop over different times of day (and
 solar zenith angle will be computed).
 Toggles between true and false.
?alsurf
3
REAL alsurf
 Surface reflectivity (albedo: min = 0, max = 1). Assumed 
 independent of wavelength.
?psurf
4
REAL psurf
 Pressure (milli bar) at surface (not necessarily sea level).  
 Set to negative value to use default US Standard Atmosphere 
 pressure profile.
?o3col
5
REAL o3col
 Total vertical ozone column, in Dobson Units, from surface (not
 necessarily sea level) to space.  The ozone profile from the
 US Standard Atmosphere (1976) (350 DU from sea level to space) 
 will be multiplied by o3col/350.
?so2col
3
REAL so2col
 Total SO2 column from surface to space (Dobson Units).  Default
 value is zero. Profile is mostly between 0 and 1 km asl.
?no2col
3
REAL no2col
 Total NO2 column from surface to space (Dobson Units).  Default
 value is zero. Profile is mostly between 0 and 1 km asl.
?taucld
3
REAL taucld
 Total cloud optical depth.  Cloud is assumed to cover entire
 sky uniformly.
?zbase
3
REAL zbase
 Altitude (km above sea level) of cloud base.
 Must be equal or greater than zstart.
?ztop
3 
REAL ztop
 Altitude (km above sea level) of cloud top.
 Must be greater than zbase.
?tauaer
4
REAL tauaer
 Aerosol vertical optical depth at 550 nm. Set to -999. for
 default value, which is 0.235 for continental aerosol 
 profile given by Elterman (1968).
?ssaaer
3
REAL ssaaer
 Single scattering albedo of aerosols.  Must be in 
 range 0.0 (purely absorbing) to 1.0 (purely scattering).
?alpha
3
REAL alpha
 Exponent for wavelength (w) dependence of aerosol optical
 depth (tauaer), so that tauaer1/tauaer2  = (w2/w1)**alpha.
?dirsun
3
REAL dirsun
 Weighting factor for direct sun component.
 Must be between -1 and +1.
?difdn
3
REAL difdn
 Weighting factor for down-welling diffuse radiation
 Must be between -1 and +1.
?difup
3
REAL difup
 Weighting factor for up-welling diffuse radiation
 Must be between -1 and +1.
?zout
5
REAL zout 
Altitude (km) above sea level for selected outputs.
 Cannot be less than zstart or more than zstop.
 For values at surface, set zout = zstart.
 If izfix > 0, zout will be set to z(izfix).
?zaird
3
REAL zaird
 Air density (molec cm-3) at the selected output altitude zout.
 If negative, will use default value from US Standard Atm.
?ztemp
3
REAL ztemp 
 Temperature (K) at the selected output altitude zout.
 If negative, will use default value from US Standard Atm.
?lirrad
3
LOGICAL lirrad
 Switch on output of spectral irradiances
 Toggles between true and false.
?laflux
3
LOGICAL laflux
 Switch on output of spectral actinic flux
 Toggles between true and false.
?lmmech
3
LOGICAL lmmech
 Switch on standard output for use with NCAR Master Mechanism
 Toggles between true and false.
?lrates
3
LOGICAL lrates
 Switch on output of weighted irradiances (dose rates)
 Toggles between true and false.
?isfix
6
INTEGER isfix
 Index of a spectral weighting function selected for detailed 
 output.   Set to zero to disable this option.  Set to a value in 
 the range 1 - nms to print detail table of weighted irradiances
 for one weighting function.  Irradiance table will have nt
 columns, nz rows.

Cannot be negative or greater than nms. Dose rate table
 will have nt columns, nz rows.
?nms
5
INTEGER nms
 Total number of spectral weighting function selected for output.
 Cannot be changed directly. Will bring up menu of available choices.
 CAUTION: Make sure that the wavelength grid (wstart, wstop, nwint) is
 appropriate (range, resolution) for the process of interest.
?ljvals
3
LOGICAL ljvals
 Switch on output of photolysis rate coefficients (j-values)
 Toggles between true and false.
?ijfix
5
INTEGER ijfix
 Index of a photolysis reaction selected for detailed output.
 Set to zero to disable this option.  Set to a value in the range
 1 - nmj to print detailed table of J-values for one photo-reaction.
 J-value table will have  nt columns, nz rows.
?nmj
5
INTEGER nmj
 Total number of photolysis reactions selected for output. 
 Cannot be changed directly. Will bring up menu of available choices.
 CAUTION: Make sure that the wavelength grid (wstart, wstop, nwint) is
 appropriate (range, resolution) for the process of interest.
?iwfix
4
INTEGER iwfix
 Index for output at a fixed wavelength.  
 Cannot be negative or greater than nwint. Spectral irradiance
 or actinic flux tables will have nt columns, nz rows.
?itfix
6
INTEGER itfix
 Index for output at a fixed time (or solar zenith angle if 
 lzenith = .true.).  Cannot be negative or greater than nt.
 Spectral irradiances and actinic flux tables will have 
 nwint columns, nz rows.  Dose rates will have nms columns,
 nz rows. J-values will have nmj columns, nz rows.	
?izfix
6
INTEGER izfix
 Index for output at a fixed altitude.  Cannot be negative or greater 
 than nz. If greater than 0, it will overwrite the value of zout to 
 z(izfix). Spectral irradiances and actinic flux tables will have 
 nt columns, nw rows.  Dose rates will have nms columns, nt rows.
 J-values will have nmj columns, nt rows.